Which substance initiates the chain reaction to create long polymer chains?

The initiator is a crucial component in the process of polymerization, which is the chemical reaction that leads to the formation of long polymer chains. In the context of nail technology, the initiator is typically a compound that, when exposed to heat, light, or a chemical reaction, generates free radicals. These free radicals are highly reactive species that kickstart the chain reaction necessary for adding monomers together, ultimately forming long, interconnected polymer structures.

For instance, in the formulation of certain nail enhancements, the initiator might be activated by UV light, causing it to break apart and release free radicals. These radicals then react with the monomers present in the system, leading to a rapid series of reactions that yield a solid, durable polymer – a foundation for products such as acrylic nails or gel polish.

Understanding the role of the initiator is essential for nail technicians, as it directly influences the curing process and the final properties of the nail product. The other substances listed do not initiate this specific chemical reaction; keratin is a type of protein found in nails, lymph is related to the body's immune system, and lesions refer to any abnormal tissue in the body, none of which function to start polymerization.