What skin condition may cause discoloration in the form of dark spots?

Chloasma, also known as melasma, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of dark, discolored patches, typically on the face. It is often caused by hormonal changes, sun exposure, or certain medications. This pigmentation condition is commonly seen in pregnant women, hence its nickname "the mask of pregnancy," but can affect anyone under various circumstances.

Understanding chloasma is crucial because it highlights the importance of sun protection and the management of hormonal changes to prevent further discoloration. In contrast, conditions like acne may lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation but do not produce dark spots inherently. Dermatitis and eczema involve inflammation and irritation that can also result in changes to skin color, but leading to dark spots is not their primary characteristic. Thus, recognizing chloasma is essential for effective skin care and treatment strategies aimed at addressing hyperpigmentation.