What is the primary ingredient in most nail hardeners?

The primary ingredient in most nail hardeners is formaldehyde or similar compounds. These substances act by chemically crosslinking the proteins in the nail, which helps to strengthen and protect them. This crosslinking process creates a more resilient nail structure, making the nails less prone to breaking and chipping. Formaldehyde-based hardeners can also provide a protective layer that helps shield nails from environmental damage.

While calcium is essential for nail health and is found in various nail products, it is not typically the main active ingredient for hardening surfaces. Vitamins and minerals, while beneficial for overall nail care, primarily support nail growth and health rather than providing hardening effects. Gelatin, although it has been used in some treatments, does not have the same strengthening capabilities as formaldehyde and is not a standard ingredient in nail hardeners. Therefore, the use of formaldehyde and its compounds stands out as the most effective choice for enhancing nail strength and durability.