What condition is characterized by increased pigmentation on the skin?

The condition characterized by increased pigmentation on the skin is chloasma. Also known as melasma, chloasma presents as brown or gray-brown patches that commonly appear on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and above the upper lip. It is often associated with hormonal changes, particularly during pregnancy, and can also be influenced by sun exposure.

Understanding the nature of chloasma involves recognizing how it results from an overproduction of melanin in the skin, which can occur due to various factors including hormonal fluctuations and ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. The significant contrast in pigmentation is a key characteristic that helps differentiate it from other skin conditions.

Other options listed, such as rosacea, eczema, and psoriasis, do not primarily present with increased pigmentation as a defining feature. Rosacea is associated with facial redness and visible blood vessels, eczema involves inflammation and itchy rashes, and psoriasis is characterized by thick, red patches covered with silvery scales. Each of these conditions has its own distinct characteristics and underlying causes that set them apart from chloasma.